Testicular self-examination (TSE) is a simple procedure that men can perform to check for any abnormalities or changes in their testicles. It involves carefully feeling the testicles and scrotum with the fingers to detect any lumps, swelling, or other irregularities that may indicate a potential issue such as testicular cancer or infection.

Regular self-exams can help in the early detection of problems, allowing for timely medical intervention and improved treatment outcomes. It’s recommended that men perform testicular self-exams monthly, ideally after a warm bath or shower when the scrotum is relaxed, as part of a proactive approach to maintaining their health. If any abnormalities are detected during self-examination, it’s important to promptly consult a urologist for further evaluation and guidance.

How to do?

Performing a TSE is relatively straightforward and can be done in a few simple steps:

Choose the Right Time: It’s best to perform TSE after a warm shower or bath when the scrotum is relaxed, making it easier to detect any abnormalities.

Get Comfortable: Stand in front of a mirror and find a comfortable position. Some men may find it helpful to perform the exam while lying down.

Inspect the Scrotum: Hold the penis out of the way and gently examine the scrotum visually. Look for any swelling, redness, or other changes in skin texture.

Support the Testicle: Hold one testicle between your thumbs and fingers of both hands and gently roll it between your fingers. Familiarize yourself with the normal size, shape, and weight of your testicles.

Feel for Abnormalities: While gently rolling the testicle between your fingers, carefully feel for any lumps, bumps, or other irregularities on the surface of the testicle. Pay attention to any changes in texture or size.

Repeat on the Other Side: Perform the same examination on the other testicle.

Check the Epididymis: Behind each testicle is a cord-like structure called the epididymis. It’s normal for the epididymis to feel slightly lumpy and tender, but if you notice any unusual changes, consult a healthcare professional.

Be Thorough: Don’t forget to examine the entire scrotum and the area between the testicles and anus (perineum) for any abnormalities.

Report Any Changes: If you notice any changes, such as a lump, swelling, pain, or any other abnormality during the examination, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional promptly for further evaluation.

How often should testicular self examination?

Testicular self-examination should ideally be performed on a monthly basis. Regular monthly examinations help men become familiar with the normal size, shape, and texture of their testicles, making it easier to detect any changes or abnormalities that may indicate a problem. Performing TSE monthly also ensures that any potential issues are detected early, when they are most treatable. It’s recommended to incorporate TSE into a monthly routine, such as after a warm bath or shower, to help make it a regular habit. If any changes or abnormalities are noticed during self-examination, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

Why is it important?

Testicular self-examination is important for several reasons:

Early Detection of Testicular Cancer: TSE allows men to detect potential signs of testicular cancer early, when it’s most treatable. Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men aged 15 to 35, but it can occur at any age. Finding a lump or other abnormality during self-examination can prompt early medical intervention, leading to better treatment outcomes.

Monitoring Testicular Health: Regular self-exams help men become familiar with the normal size, shape, and texture of their testicles. This familiarity makes it easier to detect any changes or abnormalities that may indicate a problem, such as swelling, tenderness, or changes in texture.

Peace of Mind: Performing regular TSE can provide men with peace of mind knowing that they are actively monitoring their testicular health. This proactive approach to self-care can help reduce anxiety and fear surrounding the possibility of developing testicular cancer or other testicular issues.

Empowerment: TSE empowers men to take control of their health and well-being by actively participating in the early detection of potential problems. By being proactive about their health, men can take steps to address any issues that arise and seek timely medical attention if needed.

Educational Opportunity: TSE also serves as an educational opportunity, allowing men to learn about their own anatomy and understand the importance of regular self-examination. It can also encourage open discussions about men’s health and encourage men to seek medical advice if they have concerns.

What else could a testicular lump be in testicular self examination

While finding a lump during a testicular self-examination can be concerning, not all lumps are necessarily a sign of testicular cancer. There are several other possible causes of testicular lumps, including:

Epididymal Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that develop in the epididymis, the coiled tube located behind the testicle. They are typically benign and rarely cause any symptoms.

Hydrocele: A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid around the testicle, resulting in swelling of the scrotum. While hydroceles are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or pain.

Varicocele: This is a swelling of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins that occur in the legs. Varicoceles are typically harmless, but they can sometimes cause discomfort or infertility issues.

Spermatocele: Also known as a spermatic cyst, a spermatocele is a cyst that develops in the epididymis and contains fluid and dead sperm cells. Spermatoceles are usually harmless and rarely cause symptoms.

Infections: Infections such as epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) or orchitis (inflammation of the testicle) can cause swelling and lumps in the scrotum. These conditions are often accompanied by symptoms such as pain, redness, and fever.

Hernia: Inguinal hernias can sometimes cause a bulge or lump in the scrotum or groin area.

Testicular cancer: Testicular cancer often manifests as a painless hard lump or swelling in a testicle. Regular self-exams help in detecting any changes early, facilitating early diagnosis and treatment if needed. Early detection is key in effectively managing testicular cancer. If you’re unsure about what you’re feeling or have concerns, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.

Summary

TSE is a simple procedure men can perform monthly to check for abnormalities in their testicles. It involves visually inspecting and gently feeling the testicles and scrotum for any lumps, swelling, or changes in texture. TSE helps in the early detection of potential issues like testicular cancer, allowing for timely medical intervention. If any abnormalities are detected, it’s important to consult a urologist for further evaluation and guidance. Regular TSE empowers men to monitor their testicular health and take proactive steps in maintaining their well-being.

Prof. Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

Urologist

Istanbul- TURKIYE