Urology is a medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disorders affecting the urinary tract and male reproductive system. Urologic diseases encompass a wide range of conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate disorders, and cancers such as bladder and kidney cancer. Urologic operations and procedures are essential in treating these conditions and may include minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy and robotic surgery, as well as endoscopic procedures like cystoscopy and ureteroscopy.

These interventions aim to restore function, alleviate symptoms, and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from urologic conditions.

What is urology?

Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and conditions related to the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system. This includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra, prostate, testes, and penis. Urologists treat a wide range of issues such as infections, cancers, kidney stones, incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.

What are the urologic diseases?

Here are some common urologic diseases:

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
2. Kidney Stones
3. Bladder Cancer
4. Prostate Cancer
5. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
6. Erectile Dysfunction
7. Incontinence
8. Interstitial Cystitis
9. Overactive Bladder
10. Pyelonephritis
11. Hypospadias
12. Urethritis
13. Testicular Cancer
14. Male Infertility
15. Vesicoureteral Reflux
16. Hydrocele
17. Phimosis
18. Renal Failure (Acute and Chronic)
19. Cystitis
20. Prostatitis

What are the urologic cancers?

Here are some common urologic cancers:

1. Bladder Cancer
2. Prostate Cancer
3. Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)
4. Testicular Cancer
5. Penile Cancer
6. Urethral Cancer
7. Adrenal Cancer (affecting the adrenal glands, related to the urologic system)

Endoscopic urologic precodures

Here are some common endoscopic urologic procedures:

1. Cystoscopy
2. Ureteroscopy
3. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
4. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
5. Urethral Dilation
6. Urethral Stent Placement
7. Lithotripsy (Laser or Shockwave)
8. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
9. Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP)
10. Cystolitholapaxy

Percutaneous urologic operations and procedures

Here are some common percutaneous urologic operations and procedures:

1. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
2. Percutaneous Nephrostomy
3. Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
4. Percutaneous Nephrectomy
5. Percutaneous Urinary Diversion
6. Percutaneous Ureteral Stent Placement

Urologic operations and procedures

Here are some common urologic operations and procedures:

1. Cystectomy
2. Prostatectomy
3. Nephrectomy
4. Orchiectomy
5. TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)
6. Cystoscopy
7. Ureteroscopy
8. Lithotripsy
9. Vasectomy
10. Circumcision
11. Penile Prosthesis Implantation
12. Renal Transplantation
13. Urethroplasty
14. Bladder Augmentation
15. Pyeloplasty
16. Hypospadias Repair
17. Radical Cystectomy
18. Ureteral Stent Placement
19. Vasovasostomy
20. Suprapubic Catheter Insertion

Open urologic operations

Here are some common open urologic operations:

1. Open Nephrectomy
2. Open Prostatectomy
3. Open Cystectomy
4. Open Pyeloplasty
5. Open Ureteral Reimplantation
6. Open Adrenalectomy
7. Open Urethroplasty
8. Open Radical Cystectomy
9. Open Renal Transplantation
10. Open Urethrectomy

Laparoscopic urologic operations

Here are some common laparoscopic urologic operations:

1. Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
2. Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
3. Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty
4. Laparoscopic Prostatectomy
5. Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
6. Laparoscopic Cystectomy
7. Laparoscopic Ureteral Reimplantation
8. Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy
9. Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy
10. Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy

Robotic urologic operations

Here are some common robotic urologic operations:

1. Robotic Prostatectomy
2. Robotic Nephrectomy
3. Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
4. Robotic Pyeloplasty
5. Robotic Cystectomy
6. Robotic Adrenalectomy
7. Robotic Ureteral Reimplantation
8. Robotic Renal Transplantation
9. Robotic Urethroplasty
10. Robotic Radical Cystectomy

Summary

Urology is a medical field that focuses on the treatment of diseases and conditions related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system. Common urologic diseases include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate disorders, and cancers such as bladder and kidney cancer. To manage these conditions, various operations and procedures are performed, ranging from minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy and robotic surgery to endoscopic procedures such as cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. These treatments aim to diagnose, manage, and alleviate symptoms, ultimately improving patient health and quality of life.

Prof. Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

Urologist

Istanbul- TURKIYE